Zebrafish danio rerio as a model organism intechopen. Extensive studies of the genetics of the zebra fish have made this fish an attractive model for evaluation of chemicals. Dec 01, 2016 abstract glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and deadliest form of brain cancer. Native to south asia, it is a popular aquarium fish, frequently sold under the trade name zebra danio and thus often called a tropical fish although both tropical and subtropical. We have merged our resources in order to provide a wide array of essential disease diagnostic and health management services. Zebrafish represent a vertebrate model organism that has been widely, and increasingly, employed over the last decade in the study of developmental processes, wound healing, microbehost interactions, and drug screening. In recent years, the zebrafish model has rapidly emerged as a powerful genetic system to study cardiac development and function, and some zebrafish mutants have been used as animal models to dissect the molecular causes of cardiovascular disease. For an example, have a look at figure 2, which shows early blood cells during embryonic development labelled with gfp.
The purpose of this manual is to provide an overview of the common diseases of zebrafish as they occur in research facilities. Hardcopies of the 4th edition of the zebrafish book can be obtained for a nominal fee from the zebrafish international resource center, 5274 university of oregon, eugene, or 97403 usa. Premature aging in telomerasedeficient zebrafish ncbi. Fish diseases and disorders, 2nd edition volumes 1 to 3 volume 1. Zebrafish possess several inherent characteristics that make them a particularly useful model organism for biomedical research, including large clutches of embryos per mating pair, optical clarity throughout early development, rapid development to adulthood, and inexpensive costs for maintenance and husbandry. Here youll find current best sellers in books, new releases in books, deals in books, kindle. Zebrafish as model organism for drug discovery and toxicity. The zebrafish danio rerio has as a nonmammal lower vertebrate become an important player in deciphering the codes of life. The zebrafish as a model for human disease sciencedirect. Our series, animals in research, profiles the top organisms used for science experimentation. Fish is the principal source of protein for people in many parts of the world, particularly in developing countries.
Zebrafish share a high genetic similarity to humans, and approximately 70% of all human disease genes have functional homologs in zebrafish. The content is directed towards lay users, as well as fish culturists at aquaculture facilities and field. Obesity is a major cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus t2dm in mammals. Article pdf available in disease models and mechanisms 3910. The mechanisms behind sexual determination in zebrafish are. Zebrafish as model organism for drug discovery and. Thaker department of veterinary pharmacology and toxicology, college of veterinary science and animal husbandry. Advantages and limitations of the zebrafish model status. Diagnosis and treatment, second edition provides thorough, yet concise descriptions of viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic and noninfectious diseases in an exhaustive number of fish species. Oxford handbook of paediatrics oxford medical handbooks oral anatomy, histology and embryology. Fish model, cancer, evolutionary mutant model, natural variation introduction the usefulness of biological models in providing insight into disease mechanisms, diagnostics and treatment is undisputable. Zebrafish are increasingly being used as a model system for understanding the genetic and neuronal basis of behavior. The study of zebrafish as a leading model organism for developmental biology is rapidly expanding. The authors present a novel in vivo genetic model of idiopathic epilepsy in zebrafish gabrg2.
You might be wondering why scientists are using fish instead of animals more closely related to humans for their studies. In recent years, zebrafish, and to a lesser extent medaka, have become widely used small animal models for human diseases. Because fundamental electrical properties of the zebrafish heart are remarkably similar to those of the human heart, the zebrafish is an appropriate model for studying human arrhythmias. A fresh look at zebrafish from the perspective of cancer. Article pdf available in disease models and mechanisms. Generation of a double binary transgenic zebrafish model to study. The zebrafish is also demonstrably similar to mammalian models and. The zebra fish has been a preferred subject of genetic analysis.
Recent events in fish health and disease detection have shown that fish culturists are at the forefront of disease management and prevention when. Danio rerio commonly known as the zebrafish is a tropical fish belonging to the minnow family cyprinidae, commonly kept in aquaria and used for scientific research. Danio rerio, better known as zebrafish, is a small vertebrate tropical water fish that has become one of the favored animal model systems for studying developmental processes and human disorders figure figure1. Modeling of stress and anxiety in adult zebrafish danio rerio is increasingly utilized in neuroscience research and central nervous system cns drug discovery. Diagnosis and treatment is a welcome update of the 1996 original. Pdf a genetic model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in zebrafish. Journal of experimental biology is the leading primary research journal in comparative physiology and publishes papers on the form and function of living organisms at all levels of biological organisation, from the molecular and subcellular to the integrated whole animal. Now in full color with over 500 images, the book is designed as a comprehensive guide to the identification and treatment of both common and rare problems. Abstract glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and deadliest form of brain cancer. Here youll find current best sellers in books, new releases in books, deals in books, kindle ebooks, audible audiobooks, and so much more. Zebrafishs growing impact on medical research sciencedaily.
Zebrafish offer several advantages over mammalian models for these studies, including the ability to perform saturation mutagenesis and the capability to contain thousands of animals in a small space. However, they are susceptible to oodinium or velvet disease, microsporidia pseudoloma. Representing the most commonly used zebrafish anxiety models, the novel tank test ntt focuses on zebrafish diving in response to potentially threatening stimuli, whereas the lightdark test ldt is based on fish scototaxis. Ontogeny of cone photoreceptor mosaics in zebrafish pdf. A zebrafish live imaging model reveals differential responses. Disease models and chemical screens, volume 105 3rd edition. The zebra fish todate type strains of, darjeeling dar, hong nadia as a model. Developing a model for the study of respiratory inflammation in the zebrafish. A zebrafish live imaging model reveals differential.
Studying human disease often requires the use of models that recapitulate some or all of the. F rapid development all major organs are formed in 24 h after fertilization hatch and eat food within 3 days. The zebrafish danio rerio is a freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family cyprinidae of. We have previously established a zebrafish model of dietinduced obesity dio zebrafish by. Comparative analyses of zebrafish anxietylike behavior. For each disease, we provide information on the characteristics e. Pdf effective crisprcas9based nucleotide editing in zebrafish. Animal models in biomedical research biomedical research depends on the use of animal models to understand the pathogenesis of human disease at a cellular and molecular level to develop and test new medications and therapies. Biology, husbandry, diseases, and research applications is a comprehensive work that fulfills a critical need for a thorough compilation of information on this species. As a nonmammalian species, zebrafish do have certain disadvantages for modeling human disease. Topics include infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, infectious haematopoietic virus, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia, rickettsial and chlamydial infections, furunculosis, motile aeromonads, vibriosis.
In spite of all these resources, zebrafish have been underutilized for exploring the pathophysiology of disease and the aging process. The causative agent of velvet disease in zebrafish is piscinoodinium sp. Receive an update when the latest chapters in this book series are published. It is a small sized common and robust aquarium fish with a short life cycle 4 generationsyear and a transparent embryo which. Danio rerio, better known as zebrafish, is a small vertebrate tropical water fish that has become one of the favored animal model systems for studying developmental processes and human disorders figure 1. The text provides significant updates for working vivarium professionals maintaining zebrafish colonies, veterinarians responsible for their care. We found that telomerasedeficient zebrafish show p53dependent. Methods and protocols, second edition guides readers through methods for mutagenesis and genome editing in zebrafish, applications of gfpexpressing transgenic fish, techniques for cancer models, imaging of infection and hostpathogen interactions, metabolism and transport of lipids, and the structure and function of neural circuits. Liver disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, 1 so methods to effectively diagnose, treat, and prevent these diseases are urgently needed. The aim of this project is to reduce the use of mammalian models in inflammatory lung disease research by establishing zebrafish gill tissue as an alternative model to examine basic mechanisms and pathway biology of severe asthma. Zebrafish are probably not the first creatures that come. This third and final volume in the acclaimed fish diseases and disorders trilogy addresses infectious diseases of finfish and shellfish caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi. With the increase in the laboratory use of zebrafish, several advantages, such as a high genetic homology to humans and transparent. Diseases of zebrafish in research facilities zirc public.
May 11, 2015 however, other models are increasingly being used in addition to the more traditional organisms. It produces a large number of offspring that can be kept in small aquaria, it can be easily mutagenized using chemical mutagens e. The growing interest in zebrafish research was paralleled by an increase in. Animal models are crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of human disease and provide a system in which to develop and test new therapies. We have previously established a zebrafish model of dietinduced obesity dio zebrafish by overfeeding artemia. Since there has a been a continued interest in the further development of this animal model, the original program announcement, pa98 074, the zebrafish as an animal model for development and disease research, is being reissued here under the same title. Robotic injection of zebrafish embryos for highthroughput. The zebrafish is a powerful model used to dissect molecular pathways of cardiovascular disease.
Chapter 2 dissecting mechanisms of myelinated axon formation using zebrafish. Four round table discussions dealt respectively with viral diseases, bacterial diseases, emerging problems and approaches, and marine fish. Comparative analyses of zebrafish anxietylike behavior using. In support of these endeavors, the zebrafish international resource center zirc was established at the university of oregon in 1998. Previous transgenic zebrafish melanoma models used oncogenic.
The number of zebrafish danio rerio in particular is steadily increasing in biomedical research each year. Studies in animals such as fish can therefore elucidate common mechanisms of liver disease. The growing interest in zebrafish research was paralleled by an increase in tools and methods. The primary aim of dmm is to promote human health by inspiring collaboration between basic and clinical researchers in translational science. In addition, the zebrafish is increasingly used as a genetic model organism for. Infectious disease models in zebrafish sciencedirect. The zebrafish, a rising star star of medical research. Jul 19, 2016 zebrafish s growing impact on medical research. His research interest includes genetic susceptibility to infectious disease, and the development of animal models of human and animal disease. Vertebrates such as mice, zebrafish, frogs, rats and other mammals. Recent events in fish health and disease detection have shown that fish culturists are at the forefront of disease management and prevention when newly emerging diseases impact fish culture.
Little is known about the early pathogenesis of tbm and the role of rich foci. We have adapted the zebrafish model of mycobacterium marinum infection zebrafish m. Representing the most commonly used zebrafish anxiety models, the novel tank test ntt focuses on zebrafish diving in response to potentially threatening stimuli, whereas the lightdark test ldt. In addition to utilizing zebrafish disease models to characterize human diseases, researchers can also identify and test new drugs to treat the diseases being modeled.
Zebrafish as a model for cardiovascular development and disease. Zebrafish as model organism for drug discovery and toxicity testing. Fish diseases and disorders, 2nd edition volumes 1 to 3. Zebrafish as a model for cardiovascular development and. Zebrafish as a model for studying genetic aspects of epilepsy. Review will discuss the opportunities that such fish models offer for current and future biomedical research. Although zebrafish have become an extremely important research model, relatively little is known about the diseases that affect this species when held in captivity. Cartner is a faculty member in the department of genetics. Clinical studies have clearly defined the consequences of liver damage, fibrosis. Use in studying cellular mechanisms for a spectrum of clinical disease entities chihsin hsu, zhihong wen, chanshing lin and chiranjib chakraborty department of marine biotechnology and resources, college of marine science, national sun yatsen university, kaohisung, taiwan. This development is catalyzed by a unique combination of strengths, including the ability to isolate mutants, make transgenic animals with different cell types labeled by fluorescent markers, and record from. Libraries containing large numbers of mutant fish have been generated, and the genetic. This field guide is to serve as a brief illustrated reference that lists many of the common and not so common parasitic, infectious, and noninfectious diseases. Glioblastomas are infiltrated by a high number of microglia, which promote tumor growth and surrounding tissu.
Development of a novel zebrafish model for type 2 diabetes. These organisms have convincingly demonstrated the usefulness of fish for improving our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to pathological conditions, and for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Zebrafish fact sheets small tropical freshwater fish average length of adult zebrafish is 12. A guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish danio rerio. Fish models such as rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, medaka oryzias latipes, zebrafish danio rerio, and various other aquarium fish have been useful in mechanistic studies see alternative animal models, chapter 14. Epilepsy, particularly pediatric forms of epilepsy, is a neurologic disease that is defined by abnormal electrical discharge, and. Zebrafish are highly susceptible to velvet disease. For example, recent breakthroughs made in zebrafish include the isolation of a human skin color gene, the development of a melanoma model, and the isolation of a chemical that can correct cardio. The zebrafish danio rerio is a freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family of the order cypriniformes.
Depending on what cell type i want to look at, i can select an appropriate zebra fish line, where this type is labelled. Jun 01, 2017 modeling of stress and anxiety in adult zebrafish danio rerio is increasingly utilized in neuroscience research and central nervous system cns drug discovery. Cartner has focused on investigations that lead to improvements of laboratory animal care and use. For a patient with a neurological disease, the neurons of knockout embryos can be fluorescently labeled to see if they form incorrectly. Enlarged to include pages of new information and generously illustrated with color photographs and blackandwhite diagrams, this text should serve as a resource for practitioners who occasionally treat pet fish as well as for dedicated fish disease diagnosticians.
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